Comparison+Table+between+biomolecules+(Proteins,+Lipids,+Carbohydrates)

Formula: R-COOH or (CH3(CH2)nCOOH) || contain elements C, H, O, N and sometimes S & P Amino acids linked together in a polypeptide chain || > > > > || Benedict's Test for Reducing Sugar (The solution would turn brick red if reducing sugar is present.) Molisch's Test (If carbohydrate(s) is/are present, there will be a purple ring formed between the acid and mixture. ) || Alcohol Emulsion Test for Fats ( White suspension is seen in the mixture when fats are present.) || Biuret Test for Proteins (The mixture turns violet when protein(s) is/are present.) || Excessive ketones being formed in liver Symptons of starvation regimen (including abnormal fat metabolism, breakdown of body protein, increased sodium excretion, loss of energy and fatigue) || Cause vitamin deficiency Insufficient intake of essential fats or calcium || Deficiency of proteins in children may lead to kwashiorkor. (the children have swollen abdomens, their skin cracks and become scaly .) || Excess body fats, and obesity || The body would not be able to store the excess protein which would lead to excretion of urea by the kidneys. This extra workload for the kidney may lead to kidney disease. Many researchers think excessive intake of protein forces increased calcium excretion. || Updated April 5, 9:00 a.m.
 * Properties || **CARBOHYDRATES** || **FATS** || **PROTEIN** ||
 * Structure || Contain the elements C, H, O: CnH2nOnC6H12O6 || Contain C, H and O
 * Structure || Contain the elements C, H, O: CnH2nOnC6H12O6 || Contain C, H and O
 * Form || Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides || Saturated and Unsaturated || Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternaxry. ||
 * Function || * Used as primary energy source for fueling cell metabolism . (supporting structures)
 * Used as a source of energy . (glucose is the raw material needed for cellular respiration yielding ATP, the energy molecule.)
 * To be converted into other organic compounds such as amino acids and fats.
 *  Building blocks for larger molecules (e.g. DNA, Cellulose, starch, glycogen)
 *  Source of respiratory energy (glucose)
 * To synthesis lubricants (e.g. mucus lining the respiratory system in Man traps dust)
 * To produce nectar in some flowers ; Honey (Glucose) is used as bees food storage. || * An efficient source and storage of energy.
 * As an insulating material, especially beneath the skin, to prevent excessive heat loss.
 *  Solvent for fat soluble vitamins, A, D, E, K, and other hormones e.g. sex hormones
 * Means to restrict water loss form the surface of the skin.
 * Constituent of protoplasm, especially in membranes || * <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> Source of Energy
 * <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> Growth and repair of cells: Proteins are essential for the synthesis of protoplasm, growth and repair of worn tissues.
 * <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Globular Proteins: These proteins make up the thousands of enymes and antibodies that carry out the chemical reactions in our body and protect us from infection.
 * <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Structural Proteins: These proteins give structure to various parts of our bodies, for example, keratin in hair, actin and myosin in muscles, fibrin which aids in blood clotting.
 * <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Protein is the basic unit for hair nail and connective tissues.
 * How to test for presence || Iodine Test for Starch (The iodine solution changes to blue-black in the presence of starch.)
 * Dietary deficiency ||
 * Dietary excess || Weight gain, fatigue, depression, low blood sugar, high blood pressure , poor immune system, allergies, digestive disorders, life threatening diseases like cancer and diabetes . || Lead to diseases like diabetes , cardiovascular disease  and hypertension

Comparison Table